July 25, 1943
384th Bomb Group Mission #10
Target for the day: Blohm + Voss Shipyards in Hamburg, Germany
384th Bomb Group Mission #10
Target for the day: Blohm + Voss Shipyards in Hamburg, Germany
Mission briefing July 25, 1943 | Courtesy of Marc Poole and 384thBombGroup.com⇗
July 25, 1943: The 384th Bomb Group flies their tenth combat mission as a part of “Blitz Week”.
According to the Air Force Materiel Command History Office, Blitz Week (July 24–30, 1943) was a trial bombing run. Over the course of six days, the 8th Air Force heavily targeted German industrial and naval sites. This differed from previous missions in that it was continuous heavy bombing on specific sites rather than sporadic bombing on various locations. The 8th Air Force lost over 100 B-17s and had 1,000 casualties this week alone. The 384th would also suffer their heaviest losses yet on this second day of Blitz Week.
The 384th’s target for the day was the Blohm & Voss Aircraft Works and Shipyard in Hamburg, Germany.
Leading the Group was Snuffy (42-30139)⇗, piloted by 1st Lt. Richard Thompson Carrington with Capt. Alfred C. Nuttall (Group Commander).
21 B-17s took off, but mechanical trouble soon forced three to abort and return to base before reaching enemy territory. In his S-4 Combat Mission Report⇗, Captain W. M. Ringgold (Station Engineering Officer) recorded that B-17F 42-30145 turned back early due to an inoperative ball turret and a faulty tachometer drive. Old Ironsides⇗ and Sky Queen⇗ both aborted over the North Sea after propeller issues caused by faulty governor drivers.
Major William Edward Dolan (Station Intelligence Officer) detailed other failures in his flying equipment report⇗, from inoperative microphones, to oxygen leaks, and shorted electrical flying boots, suits, and gloves that left the crews freezing.
As the Group crossed the German coast, enemy fighters quickly attacked. The mission teletype report⇗ noted that an estimated 75 to 300 enemy fighters were "particularly vigorous," and peeled off in pairs and groups of four, concentrating their assault on the tail of the formation. The Group was briefed to expect a friendly fighter escort, but they never showed.
Map outlining course to target | Courtesy of 384thBombGroup.com⇗
As the Group continued to target, 1st Lieutenant C. Floyd Edwards, pilot of Ramp Tramp⇗, had been hit in the leg by an enemy fighter. 2nd Lieutenant Paul Pate Gordy (Co-Pilot) took over the controls, completing the bomb run and maintaining formation to get the crew safely home.
As the Group reached the target area, a heavy smoke screen was encountered over Hamburg. 1st Lieutenant Michael A. Smithwick (Lead Bombardier) noted in the bombardier's report⇗: "There was a heavy billowy smoke screen in effect over the target area, however, landmarks were still visible. The turn on target was made on a magnetic heading of 248 actual which was not as briefed... Results of the bombing were unobserved because of the heavy smoke screen."
11 aircraft successfully completed the bombing run.
After bombs were dropped on target, initial fears arose that they had been dropped on "safe" due to faulty arming wires. However, a follow-up investigation by Captain Charles D. Bonnett (Station Bombardier) later confirmed that the bombs had properly armed before release.
Another interesting note from the Mission Armament Report⇗ was by 1st Lieutenant H. R. Kircher (Group Armament Officer). He noted that 60,900 rounds of ammunition had been fired at enemy fighters by the aircraft that made it back to base; with the grand total of ammunition fired being 145,900 rounds when factoring in the lost aircraft too.
The cost of Mission #10 was severe, with seven aircraft failing to return to base.
Shortly before reaching the initial point, Passes Cancelled⇗, piloted by 2nd Lt. Gordon Hankinson, was disabled by enemy aircraft, fell into a flat spin, and crashed near Hamburg, Germany. Wounded crew members included Hankinson, 2nd Lt. Edwin Halseth (Co-Pilot), S/Sgt. David Kay (Radio Operator), S/Sgt. Robert Burnes (Engineer/Top Turret Gunner), and S/Sgt. Frank Delmonte (Ball Turret Gunner). All ten crew members bailed out, survived, and were taken as prisoners of war.
April's Fool⇗, piloted by 2nd Lt. Ralph J. Hall, also lost altitude after experiencing mechanical issues and was quickly swarmed by enemy fighters. Crew members S/Sgt. Smith Davis (Radio Operator), S/Sgt. Paul McNeal (Tail Gunner), and S/Sgt. Reamond Smiley (Waist Gunner) were wounded during the attack. 2nd Lt. Hall maintained control of the aircraft, enabling the crew to bail out. All escape hatches malfunctioned and they had to exit through the bomb bay.
2nd Lt. R.O. Henley noted, "This was our first and last parachute jump. It looked like a long way to the ground, but had to jump to save life." 2nd Lt. Warren Dillon (Bombardier), 2nd Lt. Rodney House (Co-Pilot), and S/Sgt. Homer Cocklin (Engineer/Top Turret Gunner) were injured during the jump, but all ten crew members survived to become prisoners of war.
Rear L-R: 2 Lt. R. O. Henley Jr. (N), 2 Lt. Warren B. Dillon (B), 2 Lt. Ralph J. Hall (P), 2 Lt. Rodney W. House (CP) Front L-R: S/Sgt. Homer J. Cocklin (TT), S/Sgt. Paul E. McNeal (TG), Sgt. Reamond C. Smiley (FG), S/Sgt. Smith J. Davis (RO), S/Sgt. Albert R. Valcour (BT) Not pictured: S/Sgt. James Parrish (WG). Photo courtesy of Al Valcour and 384thBombGroup.com⇗
In the lower squadron, Thundermug⇗, piloted by 2nd Lt. Kelmer J. Hall took intense enemy fire. 2nd Lt. Bradley Summers (Co-Pilot) recalled in Ken Decker’s book, Memories of the 384th Bombardment Group: "When you’d see ‘em flying at you [the 20 mm rounds], you could pull back on the wheel a little bit and it was kind of interesting to see these explosive shells come popping right through underneath right where we had been... just 'pop, pop, pop' even in spaces, little puffs of smoke." T/Sgt. Kenny Harland (Top Turret Engineer) remained at his post despite shattered glass and splinter wounds, while Sgt. George McCulley (Tail Gunner) was blown from his seat twice by concussions before his weapons were knocked out. When elevator control was shot away completely, 2nd Lt. Kelmer J. Hall signaled for the crew to jump: "the stick just came right back in our laps and the nose came up on that plane... K.J. pulled the power off and he grabbed my parachute strap on my shoulder and gave it a big tug... He pointed down at the escape hatch... and the escape hatch was gone." Sgt. Kenneth Harland (Engineer/Top Turret Gunner) and Sgt. Holgate Dean (Waist Gunner) were killed in action; the eight surviving crew members were taken prisoners of war.
Back L-R: Herbert A. Moritz (N); George L. Doubet (CP); John D. Neyland (B); John M. Hegewald (P). Front L-R: Dudley K. Hulbert (BTG); Alvin H. Freitag (FG); Walter S. McCormack (TG); David N. Ketterer (TT); Paul F. Henry (RO); Arlie R. Bridge, Jr. (FG) Courtesy of 384thBombGroup.com
Shortly after leaving the target, Longhorn⇗, piloted by 2nd Lt. John M. Hegewald, fell out of formation from heavy fighter attacks with its #3 engine smoking and its nose section severely damaged. Killed in action were T/Sgt. Paul Henry (Radio Operator), T/Sgt. David Ketterer (Engineer/Top Turret Gunner), S/Sgt. Dudley Hulbert (Ball Turret Gunner), S/Sgt. Walter McCormack (Waist Gunner), and S/Sgt. Alvin Freitag (Waist Gunner). 2nd Lt. John Neyland (Bombardier) and S/Sgt. Arlie Bridge (Tail Gunner) remain missing in action and unaccounted for to this day. 2nd Lt. Hegewald, 2nd Lt. George Doubet (Co-Pilot), and 2nd Lt. Herbert Moritz (Navigator) survived to become POWs.
Five minutes later, Royal Flush (42-3024)⇗ suffered an internal explosion and went down. Killed in action were 2nd Lt. Walter Mondo (Co-Pilot), 2nd Lt. George Janicek (Bombardier), T/Sgt. Frank Chiafari (Radio Operator), S/Sgt. Nicholas Ciamarra (Ball Turret Gunner), S/Sgt. William Patton (Tail Gunner), S/Sgt. John Jackson (Waist Gunner), and S/Sgt. John Holmes (Waist Gunner). 2nd Lt. P. J. Ward (Pilot), 2nd Lt. Robert Bederman (Navigator), and T/Sgt. Bert Landrum (Engineer/Top Turret Gunner) survived to become prisoners of war.
Sugar Puss⇗, flew its first combat mission with 1st Lt. Clarence Christman (Pilot), who was killed in action alongside 2nd Lt. Vern Dennett (Navigator), T/Sgt. John Gillis (Radio Operator), S/Sgt. Robert Leonard (Ball Turret Gunner), and S/Sgt. Jerome Goubeaux (Tail Gunner). The five remaining crew members, 2nd Lt. Robert Carroll (Co-Pilot), 2nd Lt. William Sears (Bombardier), T/Sgt. Albert Detrick (Engineer/Top Turret Gunner), S/Sgt. Charles Stephenson (Waist Gunner), and S/Sgt. Carl Hill (Waist Gunner) survived to become prisoners of war.
Over the North Sea, Weary Willie⇗, piloted by 2nd Lt. Thomas Estes, was forced to ditch after losing three engines. 2nd Lt. Estes recalled of the forced landing: "We had gone over the target and were on our way out to sea on the way back when they got us. We made a normal landing under the circumstances, being that only the elevators and rudder were working and three engines had been shot out."
Back row L-R: 1st Lt. C. R. Christman (P) KIA, 2nd Lt. R. S. Carroll (CP) POW, 2nd Lt. V. B. Dennett (B) KIA, 2nd Lt. William Sears (N) POW
Front row L-R: T/Sgt. J. J. Gillis (RO) KIA, S/Sgt. Jerome J. Goubeaux (TG) KIA, S/Sgt. Carl V. Hill (WG) POW, T/Sgt. Albert W. Detrick (TT) POW, S/Sgt. Robert A. Leonard (BT) KIA.
Not pictured: S/Sgt. S. G. Stephenson (WG)
Photo courtesy of Quentin Bland and 384thBombGroup.com⇗
Sgt. Fred Wagner (Radio Operator) remained at his station transmitting an SOS until the bomber struck the water. The crew deployed their dinghies, spent 41 hours at sea, and were rescued by a Danish fishing vessel commanded by Captain Martin Sorensen (Danish Fishing Vessel Captain) before eventually returning to base.
Out of the 21 aircraft that set out that day, only 11 landed back at Grafton Underwood about seven hours after taking off, joining the three that had aborted earlier. The S-4 report detailed that seven of those returning aircraft had suffered minor damage, with three sustaining major damage, a combination of flak, enemy attacks, and friendly fire. The cost of this mission was high, with crew losses for the day including:
Killed in Action:
Information courtesy of 384thBombGroup.com Mission Summary #10⇗, "Flashback: American Heavy Bombers and the Great Air Raids Of August 1943"⇗ by Dr. William Pace Head, 78th Air Base Wing Chief Historian (Air Force Materiel Command), Mission Armament Report⇗ by 1st Lieutenant H. R. Kircher, Bombardier's Report of Mission Flown⇗ and Investigation of Malfunction Claim⇗ by Capt. Charles D. Bonnett, Technical Failures Flying Equipment⇗ by Maj. William Dolan, S-4 Combat Mission Report⇗, Captain W. M. Ringgold, and Memories of the 384th Bombardment Group (H) by Ken Decker.