Group Chaplains
Group Chaplains
On base at Grafton Underwood, the days began with a symphony of coordinated chaos. On the airfields, mechanics tightened bolts on engines, armorers hoisted heavy belts of .50 caliber ammunition into the bomb bays of B-17s, while ground crews drove fuel trucks across the tarmac to deliver the thousands of gallons of fuel required for each flight.
Inside the briefing and intelligence rooms, intelligence officers pinned top secret maps to corkboards, weather officers scrutinized shifting cloud patterns, while navigators looked back over their charts and maps, as clerks typed away on their typewriters.
Every man had a vital role in the war, and amid the roar of engines and the frantic final checks, there was one constant that transcended the technical.
No matter how many men were hurrying across the tarmac, you could always count on one person to be there, standing apart from the noise. Cpl. Eugene Spearman, a radio operator who would survive thirty-four combat missions, found his greatest comfort in that lone figure. He detailed in his short story, The Eighth Air Force in World War II, “One thing that I was thankful for was that a minister or priest stood holding a Bible beside the runway on every mission, rain or shine.”
This was not just a tradition; but a lifeline. Group chaplains were the emotional anchors of the base. As the crews taxied down the runway, the chaplains offered them a final blessing and glimmer of hope before heading into the flak-filled skies of Europe.
Chaplain Dayle Schnelle, Maj. Roy Dier, who supervised construction of chapel, and Father Method Billy | Courtesy of December 1943 Plane News
Chaplain Dayle Schnelle | Courtesy of Robert Bletscher
Chaplains were not drafted into WWII, but rather, they volunteered to go because they felt called to minister to the troops. Chaplains were highly educated, and often had seven to ten years of education, in addition to a few more years of pastoral experience. From leading church services, praying over the men before and after missions, to attending mission briefings and debriefings, and counseling the men and offering them advice and spiritual guidance, the chaplain’s role was immeasurable.
The first chaplain to be assigned to the 384th Bomb Group was Protestant chaplain, 1st Lt. Dayle Robert Schnelle. Chaplain Schnelle’s work was not limited to ministering in the chapel. He was a constant presence in mission briefings and debriefings, and walked alongside the airmen, sharing their burdens.
In addition to his religious work, Chaplain Schnelle also wrote a column titled, “The Chaplain Says” in the Group’s newspaper, the Plane News. There, he would offer spiritual guidance, advice, encouragement, and also answer existential questions in an advice-style column.
A Catholic priest would later be assigned to the 384th Bomb Group. Prior to that, Maj. William Edward "Pop" Dolan stepped in to minister to the Catholic servicemen. Actions such as these really set the 384th Bomb Group apart. Regardless of rank, or official title, the men of the Group could always be depended upon to step up and do what was needed.
As the air war intensified in the summer of 1943, the U.S. Air Force realized one chaplain could not carry the emotional burdens of the bomb groups on their own, and a new policy was implemented that required each air base to have two chaplains. Soon after, 1st Lt. Method Cyril Billy was assigned to the Group as the Catholic priest. Together, Chaplain Schnelle and Father Billy formed a sanctuary of stability for the men.
Father Billy was deeply moved by the groundwork Maj. Dolan had laid for him, and spoke highly of his contributions. Maj. Dolan also secured Father Billy a private confession room, where the men could unburden their minds and souls in confidence.
Father Method Billy | Courtesy of Robert Bletscher
Father Method Billy blessing the We Dood It crew before their mission 30 January 1944. Tragically seven of the men were killed in action, and three were taken prisoners of war | Courtesy of Mark Brotherton
Father Method Billy leading the 2nd Lt. Lloyd Armstrong crew in a post-briefing service | Courtesy of Georgia Sherlock
In addition to his religious work, Father Billy recognized the men’s need for something more than prayer to sustain them. He knew the benefit of helping the men find purpose in giving back. Father Billy coordinated massive donation drives, with help from the men of the Group to provide supplies, toys, and "sweet treats" for local orphans and the elderly. This reminded the men of their humanity.
At Christmas and New Year, the base transformed with the help of both chaplains. The same men who dropped bombs by day hosted religious programs and variety shows by night, reclaiming a piece of their own innocence by helping those left vulnerable by the war.
In 1944, shortly after the liberation of Nantes, France, the men of the 384th Bomb Group brought the magic of Christmas to life for more than 2,000 children at Bethlehem Orphanage. Working alongside the French Red Cross and nuns from the orphanage, the airmen filled the bomb bays of six B-17s with toys, and donated thousands of their own dollars.
Their money was used to provide crates of candy, cookies, and other treats, as well as essential supplies like soap and clothing, with some of the men even giving from their own rations and supplies.
The generosity and Christmas spirit even reached the families of the airmen back home who also contributed in sending toys, money, and supplies for the children. A special party was also held on base for the children.
Under the guidance of the chaplains, the 384th wasn’t just a heavy bombardment group; they were a community giving back to those who had lost everything.
Chaplain Schnelle remained with the 384th Bomb Group for the duration of the war. Father Billy remained with the Group until 6 October 1944, when he was transferred to the 92nd Bomb Group. When Father Billy left, he was replaced by Maj. Herbert Francis Butterbach, who was also from the 92nd Bomb Group. Father Butterbach remained with the group until 30 April 1945.
Pictured: Maj. Herbet Butterbach | Courtesy of the Observer, September 16, 1945
Father Method Billy counseling men | Courtesy of Quentin Bland
From writing letters of hope to the families of the missing, and families of prisoners of war, to offering a final prayer before wheels-up, the chaplains were the spiritual sustenance that sustained the men.
The chaplains were the last faces the crews saw before entering the clouds, and the first ones there to offer grace when they returned.
Amid the chaos and burdens of war, the chaplains’ steady presence was essential to the men of the 384th Bomb Group, and their impact cannot be understated.
Information and photos courtesy of the 384th Bomb Group Association research website, 384thBombGroup.com, December 1943 Plane News, and the Arrowhead Club by Cindy Bryan